CNC lathes use a subtractive method to create the desired shape. With the G-Code created, a blank bar of stock material is loaded into the chuck of the lathe's spindle. The chuck holds the workpiece in place while the spindle spins. When the spindle is up to speed, a stationary cutting tool is brought into contact with the workpiece to remove material until the desired geometry is achieved.
What are the parts of a CNC lathe?
Headstock. The first part of the lathe is the headstock, where the motor is housed. ...
Tailstock. On the other end is the tailstock, which provides additional support for the material being turned. ...
Chuck. ...
Tool Turret. ...
Foot Pedals. ...
CNC Control Panel.
How To Determine the Parts of CNC Lathe Machine
To determine the parts of a CNC lathe machine, it is recommended to study the user manual and breakdown images of your machine.
You should have a clear understanding of each component before progressing to cutting metal.
The descriptions of machine elements (headstock, chuck, lathe bed, etc.) are generic. Nomenclature and layout may vary between manufacturers.
The lathe machine diagram for your tool will give you the manufacturer's version of the naming.
What Is a CNC Lathe Machine?
A CNC lathe is a fully automated machine capable of precise turning and drilling operations. It follows G-code programming intended for subtractive manufacture (cutting)
and starts with either a suitable material blank or a preform. Automated (CNC) lathes allow operators to focus on other tasks while the machine works,
so they improve productivity while simultaneously making more precise parts than manual machines.
For more information, see our guide on CNC Machining.
How Does a CNC Lathe Machine Work
A CNC lathe machine works by reading G-code, a translated version of CAD design code. The G-code file automates the manufacture of complex parts,
making high-precision items in a repeatable manner with short processing times (once set up).
The first part must be manually checked for accuracy against a drawing before multiple parts are made.
In most cases, the headstock motor is a synchronous single- or 3-phase device that uses a variable frequency drive.
The other axes will generally be driven by stepper motors to allow open-loop control. A CNC lathe is an adaptable machine type that can undertake precise and repetitive tasks,
following its programming. Two parts made from the same code should be essentially indistinguishable.
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